肠 - 脑 - 微生物轴研究

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种起病隐匿、进行性发展的中枢神经系统(CNS)退行性疾病[1].AD 的早期临床表现主要是患者记忆力减退和生活自理能力下降,最终导致发生进行的认知功能障碍和缺失、神经行为异常,出现精神状况及生活自理能力的完全丧失.

随着人类寿命的延长，阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者的数量不断增加，而AD的发病机制仍不明确，对该病的防治尚缺乏有效方法。近年来，肠道菌群在机体健康领域的重要性被逐渐解析，也为AD提供一个崭新的研究领域。AD患者存在中枢神经系统慢性炎症、脑内神经递质5-羟色胺、神经营养因子等表达下降以及肠道菌群结构改变。肠道菌群可引发机体慢性炎症，产生神经毒性物质，并且与AD高危因素肥胖和2型糖尿病等代谢性疾病的发生相关，提示AD与肠道菌群的相关性。益生菌、益生元与中药等肠道菌群调节制剂可降低炎症以及糖尿病等代谢综合征的发生，提高脑内神经递质5-羟色胺和神经营养因子的水平，改善认知功能，肠道菌群调节有望成为防治AD的…

近年来肠道微生物群体参与肠道和大脑之间的双向通信是脑科学最重要的发现之一；肠道微生物生态失衡、局部和全身炎症反应以及肠-脑轴的失调可能是痴呆和阿尔茨海默病(AD)脑破坏机制的源头；肠道内常驻微生物群可对宿主大脑及行为产生影响；甚至可以作为人体”第二大脑”；参与AD等神经退行性疾病过程；本文对肠道微生物群驱动炎症导致AD的发病机制研究进行归纳；为深入认识肠道微生物群对AD的影响及其调控机制提供新见解；

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Hsaio and colleagues link gut microbes to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in a mouse model. They show that ASD symptoms are triggered by compositional and structural shifts of microbes and associated metabolites, but symptoms are relieved by a Bacteroides fragilis probiotic. Thus probiotics may prov…

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) manifests as alterations in complex human behaviors including social communication and stereotypies. In addition to genetic risks, the gut microbiome differs between typically developing (TD) and ASD individuals, though it remains unclear whether the microbiome contrib…

Neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are defined by core behavioral impairments; however, subsets of individuals display a spectrum of gastrointestinal (GI) abnormalities. We demonstrate GI barrier defects and microbiota alterations in the maternal immune activatio…